{"_buckets": {"deposit": "40c1f0f6-ad09-4475-87be-0505c31be976"}, "_deposit": {"id": "52543", "owners": [], "pid": {"revision_id": 0, "type": "depid", "value": "52543"}, "status": "published"}, "_oai": {"id": "oai:tsukuba.repo.nii.ac.jp:00052543"}, "item_5_biblio_info_6": {"attribute_name": "\u66f8\u8a8c\u60c5\u5831", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"bibliographicIssueDates": {"bibliographicIssueDate": "2019-06", "bibliographicIssueDateType": "Issued"}, "bibliographicIssueNumber": "760", "bibliographicPageEnd": "1483", "bibliographicPageStart": "1473", "bibliographicVolumeNumber": "84", "bibliographic_titles": [{"bibliographic_title": "\u65e5\u672c\u5efa\u7bc9\u5b66\u4f1a\u8a08\u753b\u7cfb\u8ad6\u6587\u96c6"}, {"bibliographic_title": "Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ)", "bibliographic_titleLang": "en"}]}]}, "item_5_description_4": {"attribute_name": "\u6284\u9332", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_description": "Presupposing the ATBAT (Atelier des B\u00e2tisseurs) as an international exchange organization, this paper considers the historical meaning and position of the exchange activities of the newborn ATBAT from the viewpoints of four key members: Vladimir Bodiansky, George Candilis, G\u00e9rald Hanning, and Gyoji Banshoya. The scope of this paper encompasses the period of their work in Morocco, via the manifestation at the Congr\u00e8s International d\u0027Architecture Moderne 9 (CIAM 9), up to the point of their separation. As a continuation of my previous paper \u201cPart 1\u201d, I employ the same historical methods and resources herein. However, in this paper I also conduct some planning studies, for the purpose of examining how the \u201cHousing for the Greatest Number\u201d movement led to the \u201c\u00c9volutif (evolutionary)\u201d concept, and, finally, to the planning method known as \u201cHabitat \u00c9volutif (Evolutionary Housing).\u201d Important consideration is given to the ways in which this last method was concretized through the exchange of members\u2019 ideas, particularly Banshoya\u2019s.\n  Following his struggles with Le Corbusier, and based on his experience working with Marcel Lods and Jean Bossu in African countries, G\u00e9rald Hanning became an independent urban planner. In this role, Hanning coordinated the environments around these architects\u2019 masterpieces.\n  In 1951, ATBAT opened a branch in French Morocco, and Candilis became the director of that branch. Cooperating with Michel Ecochard who was the director of urban planning of the French protectorate government, ATBAT initiated the planning movement known as \u201cHabitat Pour le Plus Grand Nombre (Housing for the Greatest Number).\u201d As a well-known example, they realized their masterpiece \u201cNid d\u2019Abeilles,\u201d intended to provide housing suitable for the lifestyles of Moroccan people from rural areas. They advocated this movement at CIAM 9, held in Aix-en-Provence in 1953. It was here that they suggested the idea for \u201c\u00c9volutif (evolutionary)\u201d housing.\n  In 1953, Gyoji Banshoya participated in ATBAT. Candilis was so willing to welcome him that he published Banshoya\u2019s first masterpiece, \u201cThe Square House\u201d in L\u2019Architecture d\u2019Aujourd\u2019hui. For Candilis, the square house seemed an advanced example of the idea of Habitat \u00c9volutif.\n  This led me to conduct some analysis of the planning for their co-research project \u201cLa S\u00e9rie Tr\u00e8fle (Clover Series).\u201d This endeavour was supported by C.S.T.B. and published in Techniques et Architecture in 1954. I note that the key idea of separating the skeleton and mobile partition which partly stems from the design of the square house, can be clearly seen to play an important role in the planning concept of \u201cLa S\u00e9rie Tr\u00e8fle.\u201d Just after the project\u2019s completion, Candilis resigned from ATBAT and began his career as an independent architect with the team of Candilis-Josic-Woods. There, he profited from the idea of Habitat \u00c9volutif. Hanning and Banshoya also left ATBAT, and moved to Algiers.\n  The most important roles played by ATBAT were (1) expanding the idea of a new housing style suggested by Le Corbusier based on their technical research; (2) examining its applicability to the general public, including slum residents in various Francophonie cities; and (3) innovating the planning methods of Habitat \u00c9volutif. It is the case that the beginning of this concept can already be seen in Le Corbusier\u2019s theories. However, it was ATBAT\u2019s original contribution to provide a theoretical framework, based on their field work, for the realization of Habitat \u00c9volutif. In conclusion, I point out that these novel constructions were made possible by the international exchange activities among the young architects and planners of various origins who were members of ATBAT.", "subitem_description_type": "Abstract"}]}, "item_5_publisher_27": {"attribute_name": "\u51fa\u7248\u8005", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_publisher": "\u65e5\u672c\u5efa\u7bc9\u5b66\u4f1a"}]}, "item_5_publisher_28": {"attribute_name": "\u51fa\u7248\u8005\u5225\u540d", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_publisher": "Architectural Institute of Japan"}]}, "item_5_relation_11": {"attribute_name": "DOI", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_relation_type_id": {"subitem_relation_type_id_text": "10.3130/aija.84.1473", "subitem_relation_type_select": "DOI"}}]}, "item_5_rights_12": {"attribute_name": "\u6a29\u5229", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_rights": "\u00a9 2019 \u65e5\u672c\u5efa\u7bc9\u5b66\u4f1a"}]}, "item_5_select_15": {"attribute_name": "\u8457\u8005\u7248\u30d5\u30e9\u30b0", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_select_item": "publisher"}]}, "item_5_source_id_7": {"attribute_name": "ISSN", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_source_identifier": "1340-4210", "subitem_source_identifier_type": "ISSN"}]}, "item_5_source_id_9": {"attribute_name": "\u66f8\u8a8c\u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9ID", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_source_identifier": "AN10438548", "subitem_source_identifier_type": "NCID"}]}, "item_creator": {"attribute_name": "\u8457\u8005", "attribute_type": "creator", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"creatorNames": [{"creatorName": "\u677e\u539f, \u5eb7\u4ecb"}, {"creatorName": "\u30de\u30c4\u30d0\u30e9, \u30b3\u30a6\u30b9\u30b1", "creatorNameLang": "ja-Kana"}, {"creatorName": "MATSUBARA, Kosuke", "creatorNameLang": "en"}], "nameIdentifiers": [{"nameIdentifier": "181897", "nameIdentifierScheme": "WEKO"}, {"nameIdentifier": "00548084", "nameIdentifierScheme": "e-Rad", "nameIdentifierURI": "https://nrid.nii.ac.jp/ja/nrid/1000000548084"}, {"nameIdentifier": "0000000877", "nameIdentifierScheme": "\u7b51\u6ce2\u5927\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7dcf\u89a7", "nameIdentifierURI": "http://trios.tsukuba.ac.jp/researcher/0000000877"}]}]}, "item_files": {"attribute_name": "\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u60c5\u5831", "attribute_type": "file", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"accessrole": "open_date", "date": [{"dateType": "Available", "dateValue": "2020-07-01"}], "displaytype": "detail", "download_preview_message": "", "file_order": 0, "filename": "TAIJ_84-760.pdf", "filesize": [{"value": "2.0 MB"}], "format": "application/pdf", "future_date_message": "", "is_thumbnail": false, "licensetype": "license_free", "mimetype": "application/pdf", "size": 2000000.0, "url": {"label": "TAIJ_84-760", "url": "https://tsukuba.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/52543/files/TAIJ_84-760.pdf"}, "version_id": "b96b69c4-26fe-4a00-a08b-ebd90faaf9e9"}]}, "item_language": {"attribute_name": "\u8a00\u8a9e", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_language": "jpn"}]}, "item_resource_type": {"attribute_name": "\u8cc7\u6e90\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"resourcetype": "journal article", "resourceuri": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]}, "item_title": "\u6226\u5f8c\u4ecf\u8a9e\u570f\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u300c\u6700\u5927\u591a\u6570\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u4f4f\u307e\u3044\u300d\u304b\u3089\u300c\u9032\u5316\u578b\u4f4f\u5b85\u300d\u3078\u306e\u5c55\u958b\u3000ATBAT\uff08\u5efa\u9020\u8005\u30a2\u30c8\u30ea\u30a8\uff09\u306e\u56fd\u969b\u30fb\u5730\u57df\u4ea4\u6d41\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u7d4c\u7def\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u3000\u305d\u306e\uff12", "item_titles": {"attribute_name": "\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_title": "\u6226\u5f8c\u4ecf\u8a9e\u570f\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u300c\u6700\u5927\u591a\u6570\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u4f4f\u307e\u3044\u300d\u304b\u3089\u300c\u9032\u5316\u578b\u4f4f\u5b85\u300d\u3078\u306e\u5c55\u958b\u3000ATBAT\uff08\u5efa\u9020\u8005\u30a2\u30c8\u30ea\u30a8\uff09\u306e\u56fd\u969b\u30fb\u5730\u57df\u4ea4\u6d41\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u7d4c\u7def\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u3000\u305d\u306e\uff12"}]}, "item_type_id": "5", "owner": "1", "path": ["152/5542", "3/62/5619/3035"], "permalink_uri": "http://hdl.handle.net/2241/00157963", "pubdate": {"attribute_name": "\u516c\u958b\u65e5", "attribute_value": "2019-10-28"}, "publish_date": "2019-10-28", "publish_status": "0", "recid": "52543", "relation": {}, "relation_version_is_last": true, "title": ["\u6226\u5f8c\u4ecf\u8a9e\u570f\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u300c\u6700\u5927\u591a\u6570\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u4f4f\u307e\u3044\u300d\u304b\u3089\u300c\u9032\u5316\u578b\u4f4f\u5b85\u300d\u3078\u306e\u5c55\u958b\u3000ATBAT\uff08\u5efa\u9020\u8005\u30a2\u30c8\u30ea\u30a8\uff09\u306e\u56fd\u969b\u30fb\u5730\u57df\u4ea4\u6d41\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u7d4c\u7def\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u3000\u305d\u306e\uff12"], "weko_shared_id": 5}