@article{oai:tsukuba.repo.nii.ac.jp:00048570,
 author = {塩谷, 哲史 and SHIOYA, Akifumi},
 issue = {32},
 journal = {内陸アジア史研究, The Nairiku Ajiashi Kenkyu (Inner Asian Studies)},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {Scholars have evaluated differently the Treaty of Kulja, signed between Imperial Russia and the Qing Empire in 1851. While Chinese scholars claimed that the treaty, like the Nanjing Treaty of 1842, was an unequal one, the Soviet Union and Russian scholars evaluated it as the government’s recognition of normalization of private trade between Western Siberia and Xiniiang that developed in the first half of the nineteenth century.
However, Japanese scholars argued, by comparing the provisions of the treaty with those of the Kyakhta Treaty, that it was a mere continuation of the latter, and that the Treaty of Kulja was not recognized as‘unequal’among the Qing officials during its creation. The motivation of the Imperial Russian government in changing traditional Russo・Chinese relations is analyzed by studying the negotiation process during the signing of the Treaty of Kulja, based on diplomatic archival documents of Imperial Russia. The author claims Russia, through the negotiation process, tried to gain several free trade privileges as Britain did in Qing China after the First Opium War, in order to compete with the expected influx of British manufactured products into Chinese markets. Additionally,Russia tried to grant Asian (mainly Khoqandian) merchants involved in trade between Western Siberia and Xinjiang Imperial Russian citizenship by announcing its trade regulations with Western China in 1852.},
 pages = {23--46},
 title = {伊犁通商条約（1851年）の締結過程から見たロシア帝国の対清外交},
 year = {2017},
 yomi = {シオヤ, アキフミ}
}