@article{oai:tsukuba.repo.nii.ac.jp:00027094,
 author = {Ohtomo, Takafumi},
 journal = {国際日本研究, Journal of International and Advanced Japanese Studies},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {In this article, I systematically examine how overseas military bases begin, end, or endure by focusing on the United States after World War II. I look at both international and domestic factors and argue that variables such as strategic interests, power of the sending nation (i.e., a superpower stationing its troops overseas), regime shift, and technology tend to show links between presence and withdrawal. In addition to the issues regarding the opening and closing of bases, I discuss several factors that prolong U.S. military presence despite changes in the international strategic environment. Even though the initial rationale for establishing bases has disappeared, the uncertain security environment renders sustained presence. Continued presence is closely related to the reasons alliances endure after the Cold War. Like alliances, U.S. presence acts as a hedge against uncertainties, and hence immediate withdrawals do not occur. America’s sphere of influence and the low costs of presence also contribute to continued presence.},
 pages = {17--29},
 title = {<Article> Understanding U.S. Overseas Military Presence after World War II},
 volume = {4},
 year = {2012}
}