@article{oai:tsukuba.repo.nii.ac.jp:00021245,
 author = {サクハルカル, ミーナ　キショレ and Jayaraman, Premkumar and Sakharkar, Meena K and Lim, Chu Sing and Tang, Thean Hock and Sakharkar, Kishore R.},
 issue = {6},
 journal = {International journal of biological sciences},
 month = {Sep},
 note = {In this study the in vitro activities of seven antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, tetracycline,
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, polymyxin B and piperacillin) and six phytochemicals
(protocatechuic acid, gallic acid, ellagic acid, rutin, berberine and myricetin) against five P.
aeruginosa isolates, alone and in combination are evaluated. All the phytochemicals under
investigation demonstrate potential inhibitory activity against P. aeruginosa. The combinations
of sulfamethoxazole plus protocatechuic acid, sulfamethoxazole plus ellagic acid, sulfamethoxazole
plus gallic acid and tetracycline plus gallic acid show synergistic mode of interaction.
However, the combinations of sulfamethoxazole plus myricetin shows synergism for three
strains (PA01, DB5218 and DR3062). The synergistic combinations are further evaluated for
their bactericidal activity against P. aeruginosa ATCC strain using time-kill method.
Sub-inhibitory dose responses of antibiotics and phytochemicals individually and in combination
are presented along with their interaction network to suggest on the mechanism of action
and potential targets for the phytochemicals under investigation. The identified synergistic
combinations can be of potent therapeutic value against P. aeruginosa infections. These
findings have potential implications in delaying the development of resistance as the antibacterial
effect is achieved with lower concentrations of both drugs (antibiotics and phytochemicals).},
 pages = {556--568},
 title = {Activity and interactions of antibiotic and phytochemical combinations against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro},
 volume = {6},
 year = {2010}
}